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British New Wave now theres a term that badly needs redefining. Just how British was the kitchen-sink boom of the late 1950s and early 60s and just how new? The Nuarts selection of gritty, working-class dramas summarizes the main clichés of the genre, which was spearheaded by Oxbridge-educated directors and young working-class actors and writers from the industrial North. Most of the directors Tony Richardson, Lindsay Anderson had passed through the Royal Court Theater in the wake of John Osbornes landmark 1956 drama Look Back in Anger. The actors they favored Albert Finney, Tom Courtenay, Alan Bates spoke in the rough, vital accents of their industrial hometowns. The novelists and dramatists sprang up in the wake of John Braines Room at the Top and included Stan Barstow (A Kind of Loving), Alan
Sillitoe (Saturday Night and Sunday Morning), Shelagh Delaney (A Taste of Honey) and David Storey (This Sporting Life).
Certainly the subject matter was new to British movies: unwed pregnancies (A Taste of Honey, The L-Shaped Room), reformatories (The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner), poverty (Saturday Night), crippling social deference, petty crime, abortion, homosexuality, racism, the soullessness of newfound affluence (Nothing but the Best), frustrated dreams of leaving (Billy Liar), the first fumblings of sexuality (all of them). Despite the seeming novelty of the themes, however, most of the artistic innovations in the films themselves the rawness, the working-class milieus had already taken place in the novels and stage plays from which the New Wave films had been adapted, with little of the sustained cinematic energy and inventiveness found in contemporary European films like Breathless and LAvventura. And, as to British, this was primarily an English affair (English and southern English at that, to quote Andersons demolition of the kind of middle-class, middlebrow cinema he sought to overthrow), with nary a Scottish, Irish or Welsh film to be seen.
The Nuart series summarizes all of this with five movies, somewhat randomly chosen perhaps, that cover most of the bases and also underscore the movements flaws. Richardsons A Taste of Honey and Long Distance Runner
are often patronizing and self-important (Courtenays socialist rants in Runner undermine the sense of an inarticulate antihero), and have little cinematic flair. John Schlesingers Billy Liar, the best of this selection, is the only one that both transcends its genre and aspires to something more universal, with Billys failure to get on the train to London (and to the 60s) with Julie Christie being one of the great tragic moments in British cinema. Bryan Forbes wildly dated The L-Shaped Room has Leslie Caron pregnant in a Notting Hill boarding house teeming with period stereotypes (including the great lost actor Tom Bell, who ruined his career by getting drunk at the 1964 BAFTA Awards and calling Prince Philip a cunt). And Georgy Girl, despite its faintly reactionary sexual politics, has a standout performance from Charlotte
Rampling (Christies dead-eyed evil twin) as there are no other words for it a selfish, rotten, heartless bitch.
Looking back, one wonders at how parochial, socially hidebound and sexually
repressed Britain must have been before
Profumo and the Pill. Now that the social conventions and censorship laws that once made these movies seem shocking have evaporated, they are mainly interesting as exercises in social anthropology as paintings of a vanished English landscape, and as attempts to create a poetic realism that united Britains feature industry with the nations immensely rich documentary tradition. To be sure, the Nuart series is British Kitchen-Sink Realism 101, but its a good introduction to the great and flexible body of politically aware, realist filmmaking that has since given us Ken Loach, Mike Leigh and Alan Clarke, along with newcomers like Ratcatchers Lynne Ramsey.
BRITISH NEW WAVE OF THE SIXTIES | BILLY LIAR, A TASTE OF HONEY, THE LONELINESS OF THE LONG DISTANCE RUNNER, GEORGY GIRL and THE L-SHAPED ROOM | Through Thursday, April 5 | At the Nuart
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