Made In the USA, Part III: US Company Listings A-M

1989 — Provided $55,000 worth of radio-spectrum analyzers for spectroscopic molecular analysis to the Iraqi Ministry of Higher Education. Congressional testimony implicated this agency’s involvement in Iraq’s weapons programs. This equipment could have both scientific and military uses. A spokesperson for Ametek, Inc., said that it purchased the restructured E G & G in December 2001 and that Ametek has no information about E G & G’s past business dealings with Iraq.

EASTMAN KODAK CO.

(Rochester, New York)

1989 — Supplied more than $172,000 worth of equipment to analyze high-speed manufacturing processes for missile-development programs to Iraq’s Ministry of Defense. A Kodak spokesperson declined to discuss the company’s business dealings with Iraq before the first Gulf War, saying he had no knowledge of this reported sale. "Over the past 30 years, all of the company’s sales to Iraq have been in full compliance with U.S. and international law," said Gerard Meuchner. He added that he knows of only one sale to Iraq in the last five years, a supply of medical X-ray film.

ELECTRONICS ASSOCIATES, INC.

(Formerly based in West Long Branch, New Jersey)

1987 — Shipped $449,000 worth of advanced hybrid analog computer systems used in wind-tunnel experiments to Germany for shipment to Iraq via two other companies: MBB Helicopter Corp. and a German firm, Gildemeister Projecta AG, to Saad 16, Iraq’s primary missile research-and-development site. Company may have ceased operations.

ENTRADE INTERNATIONAL, LTD.

(Formerly based in New York City — firm appears to be defunct.)

Date uncertain — During the 1980s, this company operated as an American subsidiary of a Turkish company named Enka. According to the Justice Department, company official Yavuz Tezeller allegedly conspired with a bank officer to defraud BNL (an Italian bank) through fraudulent loans and letters of credit. In one allegedly phony deal, Entrade received a BNL letter of credit, according to congressional records, to sell 300 tons of worsted yarn to the Iraqi Atomic Energy Commission. Entrade would then present sham orders from Iraq for agricultural or consumer goods to BNL to get financing for military equipment or materials. Investigators were allegedly pressured to limit fallout from the BNL investigation, because the first Bush administration had backed loan guarantees to Iraq. Then–Attorney General William Barr would not allow Justice Department lawyers to go to Turkey to interview Tezeller, effectively ending the federal investigation of him.

EVAPCO

(Taneytown, Maryland)

Date uncertain — Supplied ion-exchange equipment, dollar amount not specified, for use in Iraq’s chemical-weapons program, according to records from U.N. weapons inspectors that were cited in the 1992 Senate Banking Committee hearing on U.S. export policy toward Iraq prior to its invasion of Kuwait.

FINNIGAN MAT US,

(Now called Thermo Finnigan MAT, based in Germany, with various U.S. locations)

1985 to 1988 — Manufactured at least two mass spectrometers for Iraq’s nuclear program. U.N. inspectors found the two spectrometers during the 1990s. Company also supplied equipment used for work with gasses and solids in research related to the nuclear-weapons program. And Finnigan provided $1.14 million worth of computers and mass spectrometers for nuclear research to the University of Mosul, a procurement agent for Saad 16, Iraq’s primary missile research-and-development site.

FOXBORO COMPANY

(Based in Foxboro, Massachusetts, it’s now a subsidiary of Invensys Systems, Inc.)

1985 to 1986 — Sold more than $742,000 worth of computing equipment to the State Company for Oil Products, Baghdad.

GERBER SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY

(Now known as Gerber Technology, based in Tolland, Connecticut)

1988 — Provided more than $367,000 worth of computers, to program and run computer-controlled milling and turning machine tools to the Iraqi Ministry of Industry and Military Industrialization (MIMI), which oversaw Iraq’s nuclear, missile and chemical-weapons programs. (return to company index)

GORMAN-RUPP CO.

(Mansfield, Ohio)

Date uncertain — Supplied motors found in the first round of U.N. inspections in the 1990s that were used in Iraq’s chemical-weapons program. The company, however, takes issue with this finding, despite documentation from a 1992 Senate Banking Committee hearing. "We make pumps, not motors," said company president Tom Gorman. "I know about this report. I’ve had discussions with [the weapons inspectors] about it. And we had investigators from either the Commerce Department or Customs come out to our offices and do an investigation. But they couldn’t clear up the confusion either." Gorman claimed that his company was ultimately cleared. "As far as I know, we didn’t sell to Iraq, but something could have slipped through over the last 30 years. Anything is possible," he said.

HARDINGE BROTHERS

(Now known as Hardinge, Inc., based in Elmira, New York)

Date uncertain — Manufactured a super-precision turning lathe found by U.N. inspectors at Al Atheer, Iraq’s nuclear-weapons design-and-research center. A lathe would be used in the production of nuclear centrifuges, which are high-speed machines used to separate heavier uranium molecules from lighter ones. U.N. weapons inspectors destroyed the lathe in the first round of inspections.

HEWLETT-PACKARD

(Palo Alto, California)

1985 to 1990 — Supplied $96,000 worth of computers to design and manufacture molds to the Nassr State Enterprise for Mechanical Industries. Nassr procured Scud-enhancement equipment for the Taji chemical-munitions site. Nassr also procured and produced equipment for Iraq’s nuclear program and artillery plants. In addition, Hewlett-Packard provided more than $690,000 worth of computer equipment and frequency synthesizers to the Ministry of Industry and Military Industrialization (MIMI), responsible for Iraq’s nuclear-, conventional-, missile and chemical-weapons programs.